Everything about The Ochil Fault totally explained
The
Ochil Fault is the geological feature which defines the southern face of the
Ochil Hills escarpment,
Scotland.
North of the fault,
Devonian lava flows and
pyroclastic deposits slope gently down, thinning towards the north. These are in part overlain by Old Red Sandstone rocks formed later in the
Devonian period. Because the deposits thin towards the north, and there are few signs of volcanic necks within the
Ochil Hills themselves, it's thought that the eruptive centres were south of the
fault, however these are buried deep beneath the
carboniferous rocks including
coal measures which are found beneath the low-lying
carse lands to the south.
To put this in perspective, the prominent hill
Dumyat which defines the western extremity of the
Ochil Hills has a height of 418 metres. The nearest
colliery, Manor Powis, approximately 2km south of the fault, was approximately the same depth, in carse land that's scarcely above sea level, and was mining coal from
carboniferous strata at least many hundreds of metres above the top of the
Devonian deposits. The Ochil Fault must have been active from the earliest part of the
carboniferous era, allowing the marine swamps in which the coal-producing vegetation flourished to be periodically overlain by layers of sand, forming sandstone, or silt, forming shale, in a number of cyclic subsidences. These occurred in the form of basins, and the pattern of movements was complex, however it's known that the greatest vertical movement was centred about 1km east of the town of Alva, and almost certainly exceeded 5km vertically. The deepest deposits of
coal measures are obviously found in this region, but surprisingly this hasn't been mined, probably due to the great depth involved.
The point of maximum downwards movement south of the fault lies just south of the
Silver Glen, which happens to be the part of the Ochil Hills where the greatest extent of mineralisation has been discovered. The minerals, including ores of
silver and
cobalt, were probably emplaced by hydrothermal solutions percolating upwards through various minor faults and fractures, in the
Tertiary period.
The Ochil Fault remained active throughout geological time, and some later movements allowed
intrusive eruptions of
diorite or
quartz-dolerite to rise at various places along its length. One such intrusion was until recently quarried for roadstone at
Tillicoultry.
Modern movements of the fault are very minor but occasionally give rise to discernible earthquakes, particularly in the village of
Menstrie, and the town of
Tillicoultry. However the latter may be easily confused with the collapse of old room and pillar coal mine workings which undoubtedly underlie the southern part of the town.
The Ochil Fault is considered by many to be the finest example of a
fault line in the country, and can be best appreciated from vantage points such as the
Wallace Monument near
Stirling.
Further Information
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